Chicagomanualofstyle

Welcome! The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is published by the University of Chicago Press and is often used in business, history, fine arts, and the humanities. There are two different systems of CMOS, "Notes and Bibliography" and "Author/Date." This guide will focus on the more popular Notes and Bibliography system.

Chicagomanualofstyle. The Chicago Manual of Style does not include specific guidance on how to cite personal photographs. Like most photographs and other forms of personal communications, these citations are often just included in the text or in a note, rather than included in the bibliography. However, if your instructor asks for the citation to be included in your ...

The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS), usually truncated to the “Chicago style,” is a method of formatting and citation that was first published by the University of Chicago Press in 1906. 2010 saw the publication of the 16 th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style, and the manual continues to cover a wide range of publication topics, from ...

Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition; General Format; Books; Periodicals; Web Sources; Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia; Interviews and Personal Communication; Legal, Public and Unpublished Materials; Bluebook Citation for Legal Materials; Miscellaneous Sources; CMOS Author Date Sample Paper; CMOS NB Sample Paper; CMOS NB PowerPoint ...The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is arguably the best (and maybe the biggest!) of a variety of style manuals. "Style" means the format by which articles, books, journals, magazines and online magazines are written and published. It is a "how-to" guide to achieve pretty darned perfect writing, containing everything conceivable a writer ...Please note that although these resources reflect the most recent updates in the The Chicago Manual of Style (17 th edition) concerning documentation practices, you can review a full list of updates concerning usage, technology, professional practice, etc. at The Chicago Manual of Style Online.. Introduction. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) covers a variety of topics from manuscript ...The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold!Find it. Write it. Cite it. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold!Makerspace Provides a range of tools and state-of-the-art equipment for class projects. Partners & Services Academic support, printing, tutoring and other services found in Swem. Community Libraries Links to other libraries we collaborate with. Café Serving coffee, tea, snacks and lunch. About W&M Libraries.Chicago style has both an author-date system and a notes and bibliography system. This guide refers only to the notes and bibliography system. There are two key components: Footnotes or endnotes. A bibliography. There are no specific guidelines for citing ChatGPT or other generative AI in the Chicago Manual of Style.to credit contributors, chicago manual of style (cmos) requires (1) a superscript number for all sourced information, (2) for each superscript number, a footnote containing full (first use) or abbreviated (subsequent use) source information, and (3) a full list of sources in the form of an end-of-text bibliography. footnotes overview

Recent DepEd Orders. OCTOBER 10, 2023 DO 026, S. 2023 – Amendment to DepEd Order No. 88, s. 2010, as Amended by DepEd Order No. 11, s. 2011 and DepEd Order No. 041, s. 2022 (2010 Revised Manual of Regulations for …Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition Author: Owens, Katherine Created Date: 8/27/2018 3:52:15 PM ... Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition; General Format; Books; Periodicals; Web Sources; Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia; Interviews and Personal Communication; Legal, Public and Unpublished Materials; Bluebook Citation for Legal Materials; Miscellaneous Sources; CMOS Author Date Sample Paper; CMOS NB Sample Paper; CMOS NB PowerPoint ...C. References are to paragraph numbers except where specified as table, figure (fig.), or page number (p.). Page numbers in the online edition link directly to terms in the glossary (appendix B). ca. (“circa”), 7.53, 10.43. calendar designations. See dates.Fully searchable online version of the 15th and 16th editions of the Chicago Manual of Style. The Chicago style is a popular citation style within the social sciences. Author/Editor (By:) Contributor. Translator. Corporate Author. Related Organizations. Citation Type. Database. Languages.Chicago Referencing (Author–Date) The format for translated sources in Chicago referencing depends on the referencing style you’re using. With author–date referencing, you only name the translator in the reference list. The format here is: Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan.No matter how much the means of communication change, The Chicago Manual of Style remains the ultimate resource for those who care about getting the details right. • Author: The University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff • ISBN:9780226287058 • Format:Hardcover • Publication Date:2017-09-05.

Therefore, it is important to look at each type in-depth to fully understand how to create Chicago Manual of Style block quotes. Turabian block quotes follow the same guidelines. Chicago/Turabian Block Quotes: Prose. Knowing when to use block quotes in Chicago or Turabian style vs. quotation marks for prose is important. The length of the …Author. If there is no known author, start the citation with the title of the article instead. Access Date. Chicago style does not recommend including access dates in the citation, unless no date of publication for the source may be located.The Chicago Manual of Style is the essential tool—significantly larger and much more broadly based compared to particular discipline-centric styles—that has (since 1906) guided editors, publishers, copy editors, and proofreaders, and continues to support the scholarship and writing of serious researchers in all fields of study."Em Dashes. 6.82 Em dashes instead of commas, parentheses, or colons. 6.83 Em dash between noun and pronoun. 6.84 Em dashes to indicate sudden breaks. 6.85 Em dashes with “that is,” “namely,” “for example,” and similar expressions. 6.86 Em dashes in place of commas. 6.87 Em dashes with other punctuation. The online version of The Chicago Manual of Style reflects the 16th and 17th editions of the print title, along with frequently asked style and writing ...

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The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold!Chicago Manual of Style Format and Citations. Chicago style is a set of formatting and citation guidelines that tell you how an academic paper should look, similar to other styles like APA or MLA. Based on the Chicago Manual of Style, or CMOS, Chicago style is the preferred format for citing sources related to history and historical topics.Find it. Write it. Cite it. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold!Examples of APA, MLA, and Chicago Manual of Style For examples of APA and MLA and Chicago Manual of Style, visit Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) site. Citation Styles: American Psychological Association (APA) Example. Frank, H. (2011). Wolves, Dogs, Rearing and Reinforcement: Complex Interactions Underlying Species …Published Interviews. Published interviews are cited in both footnotes/endnotes and bibliographies. When citing published interviews, include the following information: Name of person interviewed. Title of interview (if titled) Name of interviewer. If a journal: Title of journal, volume, issue number, date of publication.Find it. Write it. Cite it. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold!

Find it. Write it. Cite it. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold!The Chicago Manual of Style is the official guide to Chicago format. You can also visit the Chicago Manual of Style Quick Guide for official guidance. The Chicago Manual of Style by University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff Technologies may change, but the need for clear and accurate communication never goes out of style. That is why for more ...Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) Within the Chicago Manual of Style, there are two systems of documentation: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) parenthetical author­date citation. The notes and bibliography style is used mostly for literature, history, and the arts, and will be the focus of this handout.The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold! Chicago Manual of Style Cited from: The Chicago Manual of Style Online: https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.htmlThe Chicago Manual of Style. 17ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2017. Published June 28, 2012. Updated March 11, 2020. Written by Janice Hansen. Janice has a doctorate in literature and a master's degree in library science. She spends a lot of time with rare books and citations. Chicago Formatting Guide.11.50 Hungarian special characters. Italian. 11.51 Italian capitalization. 11.52 Italian quotations and dialogue. 11.53 Italian apostrophes. 11.54 Italian suspension points and ellipses. 11.55 Italian word division—vowels. 11.56 Italian word division—consonants. 11.57 Italian word division—words containing apostrophes.Turabian. A MANUAL FOR WRITERS OF RESEARCH PAPERS —also known as “Turabian”—is the gold standard for college and graduate students in virtually all academic areas. An introduction to Chicago-style formatting and citation generation, the manual aids students in clear writing, citing, and research practice. At the heart of Turabian is the ...

Author. If there is no known author, start the citation with the title of the article instead. Access Date. Chicago style does not recommend including access dates in the citation, unless no date of publication for the source may be located.

The Chicago Manual of Style. @thechicagomanualofstyle1778256 subscribers6 videos. Guides, advice, and writing tips from the team behind The Chicago Manual of ...Online version of the Chicago Manual of Style. "The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound ...Click on a star to rate it! 4.2 (39) The 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style is here! The 17th edition, released by the University of Chicago, replaces replaces the 16th edition as the most current Chicago Manual of Style guide. It's been seven years since the previous edition was released. Now available on Citation Machine, the ...In addition to consulting The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) for more information, students may also find it useful to consult Kate L. Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (8th edition). This manual, which presents what is commonly known as the "Turabian" citation style, follows the two CMOS ...Kate L. Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is the student version of The Chicago Manual of Style, aimed at college and graduate students who are writing papers, theses, and dissertations that are not intended for publication. ( The Chicago Manual of Style is aimed at professional scholars and ...6 mar 2023 ... The Chicago Manual of Style includes two systems of source citation: notes and bibliography or author-date. Typically notes and bibliography ...Internet Archive. Language. English. Volume. 17. xvi, 1144 pages : 24 cm. In the seven years since the previous edition debuted, we have seen an extraordinary evolution in the way we create and share knowledge. This seventeenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style has been prepared with an eye toward how we find, create, and cite information ...

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To cite a translated book in a reference entry in Chicago style 17th edition include the following elements:. Author(s) of the book: Give first the last name, then the name as presented in the source (e. g. Watson, John). For two authors, reverse only the first name, followed by 'and' and the second name in normal order (e. g. Watson, John, and John Watson).The Chicago Manual of Style released it's 17th Edition in 2017, and the 9th Edition of Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations was published in 2018. These are the editions we encourage you to refer to. In most cases, the 16th and 8th editions (respectively) will also suffice.The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) contains guidelines for two styles of citation: notes and bibliography and author-date. Notes and bibliography is the most common type of Chicago style citation, and the main focus of this article. It is widely used in the humanities. The Chicago manual of style. This reference work provides information on manuscript preparation, punctuation, spelling, quotations, captions, tables, abbreviations, references, bibliographies, notes, and indexes, with sections on journals and electronic media. This 16th edition has been revised to reflect how publishing professionals work in ...9 ago 2023 ... Chicago Manual of Style Citations. When conducting research in the Archives, note (when available) the collection name, number, series, box ...The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers (17th ed.) is a widely used reference guide that sets out the Chicago format for documenting sources in written work. The Chicago Manual sets out two documentation systems: Chicago Style 1 uses footnotes or endnotes with a bibliography;The Chicago manual of style is a writing guide created by the Chicago Press. It is currently in its 17th edition and offers diverse citation formats for users. Where do page numbers go in Chicago Style Citation? The page number in a Chicago style citation paper goes in the upper right-hand corner. It is formatted as a running header that keeps ...No matter how much the means of communication change, The Chicago Manual of Style remains the ultimate resource for those who care about getting the details right. • Author: The University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff • ISBN:9780226287058 • Format:Hardcover • Publication Date:2017-09-05.This handbook is a set of guidelines to help students understand how to write, cite, and formally submit research writing. A Pocket Guide to Writing in History by Mary Lynn Rampolla. Call Number: D13 .R295 2012. ISBN: 9780312610418. Publication Date: 2012-01-20. A Pocket Guide to Writing in History provides all the advice students need to write ...The Chicago manual of style. This reference work provides information on manuscript preparation, punctuation, spelling, quotations, captions, tables, abbreviations, references, bibliographies, notes, and indexes, with sections on journals and electronic media. This 16th edition has been revised to reflect how publishing professionals work in ...Author First Name Last Name, "Chapter Title," in Book Title, ed. Editor First Name Last Name (City: Publisher, Year), page (s) cited. You don't always need to cite the specific part of a book you are using. It's often sufficient to just cite the work as a whole. If the article or chapter plays a large role in your paper, or if that ... ….

The Chicago manual of style by University of Chicago Press. Publication date 2003 Topics Printing -- Style manuals, Authorship -- Style manuals Publisher University of Chicago Press Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks Contributor Internet Archive Language English. Access-restricted-item true AddeddateThe Chicago Manual of Style Online, a website that provides additional resources: www.chicagomanualofstyle.org. What is Chicago style? Chicago regulates: The following examples illustrate the notes and bibliography system. Sample notes show full citations followed by shortened citations for the same sources. Sample bibliography entries follow the notes. For more details and many more examples, see chapter 14 of The Chicago Manual of Style.Chicago Manual of Style given after each heading below. Book or e-book (14.68-110; 14.166-169): use the first named city on the copyright page of the book for the place of publication. Use state codes after the city only if the city is not well known or may be confused with a different place (14.134-138). The Chicago Manual of Style has the complete text of both the 17th and 16th editions. The site also includes. Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide for ...See The Chicago Manual for more information and examples on citing e-books requiring a specific application or device ( pp. 824-25) and books consulted online ( pp. 826-27 ). Page numbers may vary based on the e-book viewer used. In these cases it is preferred to use chapter or paragraph numbers if they are provided (eg. chap. 2 or para. 11).The first time you cite AI/ChatGPT in Chicago style with a footnote or endnote, the note needs to include: the name of the chatbot. a description of the prompt or task (if not mentioned in the text) the date of the conversation, written in month-day-year format with the month spelled out. the company or organization that produced the chatbot.Online Help from the Chicago Manual of Style FAQ's from the Chicago Manual of Style. Chicago Manual of Style on Facebook. Quick Guide for the Chicago Manual of Style << Previous: MLA Style Quick Guide (8th Edition) Next: Citing Maps >> Last Updated: Sep 20, 2023 3:06 PM; URL: https://libguides ...The Chicago Manual of Style offers two different systems for citation, and has created excellent quick guides for each: Notes and Bibliography Quick Guide This system uses footnotes or endnotes to cite and explain sources consulted as well as a corresponding bibliography at the end of the document. Author-Date References Quick Guide Chicagomanualofstyle, Chicago: Chicago Manual of Style. The citation style you use will be determined by the discipline in which you’re writing, the requirements of a journal or publisher, or your professor’s preference. The three most common styles of citation are APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association) and Chicago., Abstract. The biblatex-chicago package implements the citation style of the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition. In this example, the notes option causes biblatex's autocite command to put citations in footnotes. The package can also produce inline author-year citations in the Chicago style. See the package documentation for more information., The Chicago Manual of Style offers two different systems for citation, and has created excellent quick guides for each: Notes and Bibliography Quick Guide This system uses footnotes or endnotes to cite and explain sources consulted as well as a corresponding bibliography at the end of the document., Bibliography: Fletcher, Thomas C. Report of the Special Commission Appointed to Investigate the Affairs of the Red Cloud Indian Agency, July, 1875: Together with the Testimony and Accompanying Documents.Washington: Government Printing Office, 1875. Footnote: 1. Thomas C. Fletcher, Report of the Special Commission Appointed to Investigate the Affairs of the Red Cloud Indian Agency, July, 1875 ..., Sep 25, 2019 · Chicago doesn’t require a specific font or font size, but recommends using something simple and readable (e.g., 12 pt. Times New Roman). Use margins of at least 1 inch on all sides of the page. The main text should be double-spaced, and each new paragraph should begin with a ½ inch indent. , The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold!, The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition - amazon.com, Learning how to cite a PDF in Chicago style is relatively easy. The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition, the most recent) doesn’t have many specific rules for citing PDFs. Essentially, you cite the PDF the same way you would its original source and then add the URL or DOI.This applies to PDFs used as both primary and secondary sources.. …, Chicago Style Footnotes | Citation Format & Examples. Published on September 18, 2019 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on December 5, 2022. The notes and bibliography style is one of two citation options provided by the Chicago Manual of Style. Each time a source is quoted or paraphrased, a superscript number is placed in the text, which corresponds ..., Find it. Write it. Cite it. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold!, There are two versions of Chicago Style: "Notes and bibliography" (Chapter 14): footnotes (N) and bibliography (B); used more in humanities. "Author-date" (Chapter 15): parenthetical citations and Reference List; used more in the social sciences. In the examples below, we show how to cite a source in a footnote (N), accompanying bibliography (B)., The Chicago Manual of Style is primarily intended for authors of book-length works and for those publishing academic journal articles. When it comes to student essays, The Chicago Manual of Style uses the Turabian method for formatting.Kate Turabian was an educator at the University of Chicago who contributed to The Chicago Manual of Style.Her book, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers ..., Chicago Manual of Style Publication Manual. Cover Art The Chicago Manual of Style by University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff. ISBN: 9780226287058., About Chicago 17th ed.: Notes/Bibliography. The Chicago Manual of Style Notes/Bibliography system is used by scholars in history, arts, and humanities. For social sciences and sciences disciplines, see the Author-Date system. This style consists of two parts: A superscript number in the text and corresponding note., Additionally, the Chicago Manual of Style recommends its use for all citation of legal material. What follows is a summary of the basics. It should be noted that the Bluebook system goes into significant complexity on most of these points, but the following is the level of detail it recommends for the basic needs of, e.g., a student. ..., The first time you cite AI/ChatGPT in Chicago style with a footnote or endnote, the note needs to include: the name of the chatbot. a description of the prompt or task (if not mentioned in the text) the date of the conversation, written in month-day-year format with the month spelled out. the company or organization that produced the chatbot., The Jurism version of the Zotero Chicago Manual of Style Full Note with Bibliography style. JM Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (full note, polyglot) A multilingual version of the JM Chicago Manual of Style Full Note with Bibliography style. (It has not been updated in some time, and may require adjustment to suit local requirements.), The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is published by the University of Chicago Press and is often used in business, history, fine arts, and the humanities. There are two different systems of CMOS, "Notes and Bibliography" and "Author/Date." This guide will focus on the more popular Notes and Bibliography system., 14.23 Multiple citations and multiple references. Shortened Citations. 14.24 Purpose of shortened citations. 14.25 Basic structure of the short form. 14.26 Cross-reference to full citation. 14.27 Short form for authors’ names. 14.28 Short form for titles. 14.29 “Ibid.”. 14.30 “Idem”., The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) covers a variety of topics from manuscript preparation and publication to grammar, usage, and documentation, and as such, it has been lovingly dubbed the “editor's bible.”, Library: Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.): Online Dictionary or Encyclopedia, The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is a widely used style guide that covers topics like preparing manuscripts for publication, grammar rules, and word usage. It also offers two style options for source citation.. While Chicago Style is more often used for published works than high school or undergraduate class papers, Kate Turabian …, The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems, the humanities style (notes and bibliography) and the author-date system. Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter and nature of sources cited, as each system is favored by different groups of scholars. The humanities style is preferred by …, 22 nov 2022 ... Why Chicago Manual of Style (CMoS)? CMoS is a “less lossful” style. Some styles, such as APA, purposely make you lose information that you ..., May 25, 2021 · What is the Chicago Manual of Style? The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS), usually truncated to the “Chicago style,” is a method of formatting and citation that was first published by the University of Chicago Press in 1906. 2010 saw the publication of the 16 th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style, and the manual continues to cover a wide ... , (Chicago Manual of Style 14.140) Note Model. Author, Title (First Place of publication: First Publisher; Second Place of publication: Second Publisher, Year of publication), Page number. Full Example. 1. Florentino Garcia Martinez and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, eds.,, The following examples illustrate the notes and bibliography system. Sample notes show full citations followed by shortened citations for the same sources. Sample bibliography entries follow the notes. For more details and many more examples, see chapter 14 of The Chicago Manual of Style., A style guide is a set of standards for the writing, formatting, and design of documents. A book-length style guide is often called a style manual or manual of style (MoS or MOS). (Typical examples include New Oxford Style Manual and the The Chicago Manual of Style.)A short style guide, of several pages or several dozen pages, is often called a style sheet, although that term also has multiple ..., Please note that although these resources reflect the most recent updates in the The Chicago Manual of Style (17 th edition) concerning documentation practices, you can review a full list of updates concerning usage, technology, professional practice, etc. at The Chicago Manual of Style Online.. Introduction. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) covers a variety of topics from manuscript ..., The Chicago Manual of Style presents two citation styles: notes-bibliography and parenthetical citations-reference list also known as “author date” style. Notes-bibliography style is widely used in the humanities and social sciences fields, while the parenthetical citations-reference list style is used in the natural and physical sciences., The Chicago Manual of Style Online is completely searchable and easy to use, providing quick answers to your style and editing questions. The Q & A content is fully searchable along with the content of The Chicago Manual of Style. The Chicago Manual of Style Online also provides convenient Tools, such as sample forms, letters, and style sheets., This guide is based on the 17th edition of Chicago Manual of Style (Call No. Z 253 .U69 2017 ).. Chicago Manual of Style Online --Library's subscription of online version of the complete Chicago Manual of Style.The Notes and Bibliography contains detailed explanations and examples.. This guide is on how to cite sources, such as books, articles, online resources and other types of sources., The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) author-date and (2) notes and bibliography . Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter and the nature of sources cited, as each system is favored by different groups of scholars.