Class crinoidea

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Hess H, Ausich WI, Brett CE, Simms MJ (1999) Fossil Crinoids. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 275 p. Hess H, Messing CG, Ausich WI (2011) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2 Revised, Crinoidea vol. 3. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas.Class Crinoidea (Phylum Echinodermata)-body disc or calyx covered with a leathery skin with calcareous-5 arms branch to form more arms, each with lateral pinnules as in a feather -No madreporite, spines, & pedicellariae. Class …Feather star, any of the 550 living species of crinoid marine invertebrates (class Crinoidea) of the phylum Echinodermata lacking a stalk. The arms, which have feathery fringes and can be used for swimming, usually number five. Feather stars use their grasping “legs” (called cirri) to perch on. Are you looking for an affordable way to enjoy the great outdoors? If so, then you should consider investing in a Class B RV. Class B RVs are a great option for those who want to hit the road without breaking the bank.The living crinoids orders are: Millericrinida, Cyrtocrinida, Bourgueticrinida, and Isocrinida (all sea lilies); and Comatulida (feather stars). The class Crinoidea is the ancestor group of all other echinoderm classes. The relationships among extant orders are still obscure, but some attempts have been made to elucidate them. Crinoidea. The Class Crinoidea includes the feather stars and sea lilies. The defining characteristic of this class is that they anchor themselves to a substrate through the use of cirri. These cirri are attached to a long stalk which keeps them in place, as most of the species comprising this phylum are sessile.

Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: A sedentary marine echinoderm of the class Crinoidea. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Here are the possible solutions for "A sedentary marine echinoderm of the class Crinoidea" clue. It was last seen in British general knowledge crossword.What species are in the class crinoidea? "lilylike" -sea lilies -feather stars. Crinoidea species are sessile. What does sessile mean? They attach themselves to rocks or to the ocean floor. What's the function of the sticky tube feet for species of crinoidea?Class Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars) Characteristics of all echinoderms. -radial symmetry. -body = 5 equal segments, each containing. duplicate set of internal organs. -no heart, brain, eyes, but some brittle. stars have light sensitive parts on arms. -Mouth-situated on underside & anus on. top (except feather stars, sea cucumbers.Crinoids (Ordovician – Recent) Phylum Echinodermata; Class Crinoidea Crinoids are a group of marine invertebrates which includes starfish and sea urchins. The body shape of the animal is organized in patterns of five so that crinoids may have as few as five arms but they usually have arms in multiples of five.†Class Homostelea Middle Cambrian about 540,000,000 years ago; no feeding arm, but with stem of essentially 2 series of plates. †Class Homoiostelea Upper Cambrian to Lower Devonian about 400,000,000–510,000,000 years ago; with a feeding arm and a complex stem composed in part of more than 2 series of plates. †Class Ctenocystoidea Sending packages can be a daunting task, but with the right information and preparation, it doesn’t have to be. First class package post is the most popular and cost-effective way to send packages up to 13 ounces. Here’s how to get started:When it comes to cost, note that Class 4 impact resistant shingles can cost you 10% to 25% more than normal asphalt shingle. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radio Show Latest View All Podca...

Encyclopedia of Life Crinoidea Kingdom Animalia animals Animalia: information (1) Animalia: pictures (22861) Animalia: specimens (7109) Animalia: sounds (722) Animalia: maps (42) Eumetazoa metazoans Eumetazoa: pictures (22829) Eumetazoa: specimens (7100) Eumetazoa: sounds (722) Eumetazoa: maps (42) Bilateria bilaterally symmetrical animalsDec 18, 2018 · Class Crinoidea (Sea Lilies and Feather Stars) Their bodies are attached to the ocean floor for at least part of their life. The calyx (body) of a sea lily is attached to a stalk on the aboral side. The stalk attaches to the ground surface. Five flexible arms branch to form more arms, each with many lateral branching pinnules arranged like ... Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Crinoidea. These fossils are Pennsylvanian and Permian. Crinoid radial plates. Crinoid primabrachial arm. Crinoid parts. Crinoid radial plates. Crinoid anal sac. Crinoid sac spine (left) and primibrachial arm (right) Aug 24, 2022 · Crinoidea. The Class Crinoidea includes the feather stars and sea lilies. The defining characteristic of this class is that they anchor themselves to a substrate through the use of cirri. These cirri are attached to a long stalk which keeps them in place, as most of the species comprising this phylum are sessile. Echinoderm classes: match the class to the representative animal Crinoidea A. sea lilies Echinoidea B. sea cucumbers Asteroidea C. sea urchins Holothuroidea D. sea stars/starfish Vertebrate classes: Match the classes to the representative species Chondrichthyes A. lizards, snakes, turtles Actinopterygii B. toads, frogs, salamandersReptilia Amphibia …Crinoid, any marine invertebrate of the class Crinoidea (phylum Echinodermata) usually possessing a somewhat cup-shaped body and five or more flexible and active arms. The arms, edged with feathery projections (pinnules), contain the reproductive organs and carry numerous tube feet with sensory.

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When you’re shopping for car insurance, you may come across something called a vehicle class code. This code is used to determine the type of car you drive and how much your insurance premium will be.Bourgueticrinida is an order of crinoids that typically live deep in the ocean. Members of this order are attached to the seabed by a slender stalk and are known as sea lilies.While other groups of crinoids flourished during the Permian, bourgueticrinids along with other extant orders did not appear until the Triassic, following a mass extinction event in which …If you book a basic economy ticket for a flight, you’re left with whatever crappy seats the airline wants to give you, whether it’s at the back of the plane or just a middle seat in a row that won’t recline. When you see row after row of em...basis of record Ubaghs G, Moore RC, Wienberg Rasmussen H, Lane NG, Breimer A, Strimple HL, Brower JC, Jeffords RM, Sprinkle J, Peck RE, Macurda Jr DB, Meyer DL, Roux M, Sieverts-Doreck H, Fay RO, Robison RA (1978) Crinoidea. In: Moore RC, Teichert C (eds.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology.There are only about 600 extant species of crinoids, but they were far more numerous and abundant in ancient oceans. Many crinoids are deep-water species, but feather stars typically inhabit shallow areas, especially in substropical and tropical waters. Sea cucumbers of class Holothuroidea exhibit an extended oral-aboral axis.

Crinoid, any marine invertebrate of the class Crinoidea (phylum Echinodermata) usually possessing a somewhat cup-shaped body and five or more flexible and active arms. The arms, edged with feathery projections (pinnules), contain the reproductive organs and carry numerous tube feet with sensory.Articulata (Crinoidea) Articulata are a subclass or superorder within the class Crinoidea, including all living crinoid species. They are commonly known as sea lilies (stalked crinoids) or feather stars (unstalked crinoids). The Articulata are differentiated from the extinct subclasses by their lack of an anal plate in the adult stage and the ...What is a crinoid fossil? Crinoids are marine animals belonging to the phylum Echinodermata and the class Crinoidea. They are an ancient fossil group that first appeared in the seas of the mid Cambrian, about 300 million years before dinosaurs. They flourished in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic eras and some survive to the present day.Crinoids (Phylum Echinodermata, Class Crinoidea) Crinoids are exclusively marine suspension feeding echinoderms that typically have many arms that radiate from a cup-like body (calyx) that may or may not have a thin, columnar stalk. They have an endoskeleton composed of many individual elements (ossicles) composed of calcium carbonate and ... These are the business classes you should try to avoid. We already brought you TPG's top-rated business cabins in the sky today. Now, it's time for the worst. Business class can vary so much depending on two major factors: the airline and t...Major Subgroups of Crinoidea. As mentioned above, Moore & Teichert (1978) recognized the four major lineages that they identified as subclasses (Camerata, Inadunata, Flexibilia, and Articulata), and they placed the single species of Echmatocrinus into its own subclass, as the primitive, basal crinoid.May 18, 2018 · Feather stars. Feather stars, or comatulids, are echinoderms that belong to the class Crinoidea (phylum Echinodermata) which they share with the sea lilies. Unlike the latter group, however, feather stars are not obliged to remain in one place; instead they can swim or even crawl over short distances before attaching themselves to some support. According to Criminal Defense Lawyer.com, a class D felony is a subset of the felony category which means that it’s still a serious crime, but it’s not quite as serious as a class A or B felony.Montana Cretaceous Turtle Claw 4d. by Merv Feick | Oct 21, 2023. Cart. LinksThe meaning of CRINOIDEA is a large class of chiefly tropical or fossil echinoderms that have a more or less cup-shaped body provided with five or more feathery arms …Bioluminescence in echinoderms has been known since the early 19th century. Of the four luminous classes known, Crinoidea is the least studied, with only …

Class 5 Crinoidea. Body is star shaped; Some of the forms were extinct and living forms. Arms bifurcated, with two pinnules. They have tube feet without suckers; Examples: Neometra, Antedon, Rhizocrinus, …

Crinoids are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea of the echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata). Crinoidea comes from the Greek word krinon, ...Class Crinoidea The sea lilies and feather stars are members of an ancient group of stalked, sessile, detritus-feeding echinoderms. Most of the sea lilies remain stalked …Comatulida. Comatulida is an order of crinoids. Members of this order are known as feather stars and mostly do not have a stalk as adults. The oral surface with the mouth is facing upwards and is surrounded by five, often divided rays with feathery pinnules. Comatulids live on the seabed and on reefs in tropical and temperate waters.The word echinoderm means spiny skin. These are marine organisms with five-fold radial symmetry, commonly called starfish (Class Asteroidea), sand dollars and sea urchins (Class Echinoidea), sea cucumbers (Class Holothuroidea), and sea lilies (Class Crinoidea). They are coelomate. Just under the skin, they have an endoskeleton that is made of ...New analysis is defining Africa's consumer class based mainly upon asset ownership and educational levels. The “Africa Rising” narrative has been hinged on the continent’s middle class—but the methods used to defined the size of that popula...Parazophocrinus callosus Strimple, 1963, is redescribed as a cladid crinoid belonging to the Codiacrinidae. Parazophocrinus is a reasonably large cladid crinoid that is composed primarily of basal plates, radial plates, and oral plates; arms are absent; and the anal opening is along the side of the aboral cup. The radial plates are hypertrophied …Crinoids are marine animals belonging to the phylum Echinodermata and the class Crinoidea. They are an ancient fossil group that first appeared in the seas of the mid Cambrian, about 300 million years before dinosaurs. They flourished in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic eras and some survive to the present day.

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Figure 2. Different members of Echinodermata include the (a) sea star of class Asteroidea, (b) the brittle star of class Ophiuroidea, (c) the sea urchins of class Echinoidea, (d) the sea lilies belonging to class Crinoidea, and (d) sea cucumbers, representing class Holothuroidea.Crinoidea. Crinoidea is a small class of echin­o­derms with around 600 species. Many crinoids live in the deep sea, but oth­ers are com­mon on coral reefs. In most ex­tant crinoids, pri­mar­ily the shal­low-wa­ter ones, …Class Crinoidea. Subclass Articulata. Order Comatulida. Suborder Macrophreata. Family Antedonidae. Florometra serratissima at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. (Photo ...Class Echinoidea (Sea Urchins) Round body covered in spines; Hard, fused endoskeleton; Class Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers) Appear bilaterally symmetrical, although they are still radially symmetrical (dorsal-ventrally stretched). Tube shaped detritivores. Class Crinoidea (Crinoids – feather stars) Cup-shaped body with many feathery arms ...The cost of a 1st class stamp has been a hot topic of conversation for many years. With the Royal Mail increasing the cost of postage in 2020, it’s important to understand how much a 1st class stamp costs.Abstract and Figures. A taxonomic survey of feather star collected from two dive sites of Andaman and Nicobar Islands during April’2011 – October’ 2011 yielded 8 specimens. Echinoderm are ...1 Eyl 2023 ... The name of the class Crinoidea comes from the Greek for 'lily form', hence the term 'sea lilies', as stalked crinoids are known. A common ...This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total. Crinoidea fossils ‎ (21 C, 257 F) Crinoidea illustrations ‎ (4 C, 23 F) Feather stars of South Africa ‎ (2 C) Paleontological publications and works relevant to Crinoidea ‎ (3 C) Predation on Crinoidea ‎ (2 F) Symbiosis with Crinoidea ‎ (2 C, 17 F) Crinoidea anatomy ...It is a sea lily, a crinoid echinoderm. Crinoids are essentially a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms. ... Class (includes) Description Example; Crinoidea. feathers stars; sea lilies; fewer than 100 species; many have more than five arms; earliest and most primitive echinoderms; live on the ocean floor, mainly in deep ...Class 5 Crinoidea. Body is star shaped; Some of the forms were extinct and living forms. Arms bifurcated, with two pinnules. They have tube feet without suckers; Examples: Neometra, Antedon, Rhizocrinus, etc; Phylum Echinodermata: General Characteristics and Classification.Figure 2. Different members of Echinodermata include the (a) sea star of class Asteroidea, (b) the brittle star of class Ophiuroidea, (c) the sea urchins of class Echinoidea, (d) the sea lilies belonging to class Crinoidea, and (d) sea cucumbers, representing class Holothuroidea. ….

There are only about 600 extant species of crinoids, but they were far more numerous and abundant in ancient oceans. Many crinoids are deep-water species, but feather stars typically inhabit shallow areas, especially in substropical and tropical waters. Sea cucumbers of class Holothuroidea exhibit an extended oral-aboral axis.Length of crinoid is approximtely 10 cm. Crinoids: Melocrinus williamsi (PRI 76743) by Digital Atlas of Ancient Life on Sketchfab. Fossil specimens of the crinoid Melocrinus williamsi from the Devonian Ithaca Formation of Cortland County, New York. Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. At the class level, Crinoidea exhibit a heterogenous body size trajectory that is best fit by the unbiased random walk (URW) (Fig. 1, Table 1).The mean size of calyx had significantly fluctuated ...Crinoidea. Crinoidea is a small class of echin­o­derms with around 600 species. Many crinoids live in the deep sea, but oth­ers are com­mon on coral reefs. In most ex­tant crinoids, pri­mar­ily the shal­low-wa­ter ones, there are two body re­gions, the calyx and the rays .A Class 4 felony in Illinois is any felony that can be punished by at least one year in state prison but no more than three. It is the lowest level of felony in the state.It is a sea lily, a crinoid echinoderm. Crinoids are essentially a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms. ... Class (includes) Description Example; Crinoidea. feathers stars; sea lilies; fewer than 100 species; many have more than five arms; earliest and most primitive echinoderms; live on the ocean floor, mainly in deep ...Figure 2. Different members of Echinodermata include the (a) sea star of class Asteroidea, (b) the brittle star of class Ophiuroidea, (c) the sea urchins of class Echinoidea, (d) the sea lilies belonging to class Crinoidea, and (d) sea cucumbers, representing class Holothuroidea.Mar 7, 2023 · Bioluminescence in echinoderms has been known since the early 19th century. Of the four luminous classes known, Crinoidea is the least studied, with only five bioluminescent species reported. The research conducted during the RV Southern Surveyor 2005 “Mapping benthic ecosystems” and the RV Investigator 2017 “Sampling the Abyss” cruises aimed to systematically sample deep benthic ... Class Crinoidea:-Fossilized sea lilies from 500 may could pass for _____ of the class. modern members. Class _____:-Defining characteristics -Well developed ossicles in the arms -The oral surface bears 5 pair of burial sacs. Crinoidea. Crinoidea characteristics: -Well developed _____ in the arms ...Generic concepts in the Actinocrinitidae Austin and Austin, 1842 (class Crinoidea) and evaluation of generic assignments of species. Class crinoidea, Are you looking for a great deal on a used Class C RV? If so, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we’ll discuss where to find used Class C RVs near you. We’ll cover the advantages of buying from a dealer, how to find private se..., Crinoidea. Crinoidea is a small class of echin­o­derms with around 600 species. Many crinoids live in the deep sea, but oth­ers are com­mon on coral reefs. In most ex­tant crinoids, pri­mar­ily the shal­low-wa­ter ones, there are two body re­gions, the calyx and the rays . , This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total. Crinoidea fossils ‎ (21 C, 257 F) Crinoidea illustrations ‎ (4 C, 23 F) Feather stars of South Africa ‎ (2 C) Paleontological publications and works relevant to Crinoidea ‎ (3 C) Predation on Crinoidea ‎ (2 F) Symbiosis with Crinoidea ‎ (2 C, 17 F) Crinoidea anatomy ..., This phylum is divided into five classes: Asteroidea (sea stars), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars), Crinoidea (sea lilies or feather stars), and Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) (Figure 2). Perhaps the best-known echinoderms are members of the class Asteroidea, or sea stars., Class Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars) Characteristics of all echinoderms. -radial symmetry. -body = 5 equal segments, each containing. duplicate set of internal organs. -no heart, brain, eyes, but some brittle. stars have light sensitive parts on arms. -Mouth-situated on underside & anus on. top (except feather stars, sea cucumbers., Crinoidea ToL-Reviewed Containing Groups Echinodermata Deuterostomia Bilateria Animals Eukaryotes Life on Earth Other Echinodermata Crinoidea Asteroidea …, Class Crinoidea, Phylum Echinodermata Classify the sea lillies and feather stars, which are characterized by free living or attaches by an aboral stalk of ossicles, flourished in the paleozoic, approximately 320 species, can be shallow to deep sea marine., Feather star, any of the 550 living species of crinoid marine invertebrates (class Crinoidea) of the phylum Echinodermata lacking a stalk. The arms, which have feathery fringes and can be used for swimming, usually number five. Feather stars use their grasping “legs” (called cirri) to perch on. , Class Asteroidea. Sea stars, often called starfishes, demonstrate the basic features of echinoderm structure and function very well, and they are easily obtainable. Thus we will consider them first, then comment on major differences shown by other groups. Sea stars are familiar along the shoreline where large numbers may aggregate on rocks., Echinoderm classes: match the class to the representative animal Crinoidea A. sea lilies Echinoidea B. sea cucumbers Asteroidea C. sea urchins Holothuroidea D. sea stars/starfish Vertebrate classes: Match the classes to the representative species Chondrichthyes A. lizards, snakes, turtles Actinopterygii B. toads, frogs, salamandersReptilia Amphibia …, Learning English as a second language (ESL) can be a daunting task. With so many resources available, it can be difficult to know where to start. Fortunately, there are many free ESL classes available online that can help you get started., Phylogenetic analysis of the Rhodocrinitidae (subclass Camerata, class Crinoidea) [abstract]. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 46 ..., Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Crinoidea. These fossils are Pennsylvanian and Permian. Crinoid radial plates. Crinoid primabrachial arm. Crinoid parts. Crinoid radial plates. Crinoid anal sac. Crinoid sac spine (left) and primibrachial arm (right) , There were four Sumerian social classes: priests, the upper class, the lower class and slaves. In some cases, it was possible to identify who belonged to which class by the way they dressed., 4 Şub 2016 ... Crinoids & Sea star notes. 1. Phylum: EchinodermataPhylum: Echinodermata The Spiny-skinned AnimalsThe Spiny-skinned Animals; 2. Class: ..., Aug 26, 2010 · This phylum is divided into five classes: Asteroidea (sea stars), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars), Crinoidea (sea lilies or feather stars), and Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) (Figure 2). Perhaps the best-known echinoderms are members of the class Asteroidea, or sea stars. , Sea lily, any crinoid marine invertebrate animal (class Crinoidea, phylum Echinodermata) in which the adult is fixed to the sea bottom by a stalk. Other crinoids (such as feather stars) resemble sea lilies; however, they lack a stalk and can move from place to place. , Defining Characterisics of Crinoidea. Complete digestive system w/in the calyx/tegmen. Permanently attatched via a stalk. Feeding/Reporductive structure at top of stalk. Crinoidea. Crinoidea Arms. Multiples of 5; bear pinnules and tube feet on either side of the cilliated ambulacral groove. Class Stelleroidea. "A star"., Business class flights are a great way to travel in style and comfort. Whether you’re traveling for business or pleasure, you can find great deals on business class flights that will make your trip more enjoyable. Here are some tips to help..., Deuterostomia: sounds (709) Echinodermata sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and relatives. Echinodermata: information (1) Echinodermata: pictures (85) Echinodermata: specimens (16) Class Asteroidea. , Sea lily, any crinoid marine invertebrate animal (class Crinoidea, phylum Echinodermata) in which the adult is fixed to the sea bottom by a stalk. Other crinoids (such as feather stars) resemble sea lilies; however, they lack a stalk and can move from place to place. , There were four Sumerian social classes: priests, the upper class, the lower class and slaves. In some cases, it was possible to identify who belonged to which class by the way they dressed., 200+ KENTUCKY FOSSIL Crinoid Stems. Largest About An Inch. Box#1 - $34.22. FOR SALE! Hello and thank you for looking at my current Ebay auctions. This 305221620157, Hess H, Ausich WI, Brett CE, Simms MJ (1999) Fossil Crinoids. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 275 p. Hess H, Messing CG, Ausich WI (2011) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2 Revised, Crinoidea vol. 3. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas., Jul 31, 2022 · Figure 2. Different members of Echinodermata include the (a) sea star of class Asteroidea, (b) the brittle star of class Ophiuroidea, (c) the sea urchins of class Echinoidea, (d) the sea lilies belonging to class Crinoidea, and (d) sea cucumbers, representing class Holothuroidea. , Crinoidea: [plural noun] a large class of chiefly tropical or fossil echinoderms that have a more or less cup-shaped body provided with five or more feathery arms commonly bifurcated or many-branched and bearing pinnules, a mouth lying between the arms on the concave upper surface, and opposite the mouth usually a long jointed stalk fixed to ..., Class Crinoidea (4)-Phylum Echinodermata-sea lilies and feather stars -some sessile and attached by a stalk -arms encircle the mouth which is directed upward, away from the substrate. Class Holothuroidea (4)-Phylum Echinodermata-sea cucumbers-lack spines, most just have soft spines, Aug 26, 2010 · Figure 15.32 Different members of Echinodermata include the (a) sea star in class Asteroidea, (b) the brittle star in class Ophiuroidea, (c) the sea urchins of class Echinoidea, (d) the sea lilies belonging to class Crinoidea, and (e) sea cucumbers representing class Holothuroidea. , Knowledge of living crinoids from Brazil is chiefly restricted to the contributions of Dr Luis Roberto Tommasi between the decades of 1950 and 1970. Herein we present an updated catalogue of the crinoids occurring along the Brazilian coast, including data on synonyms, type localities, type material, geographical distribution, …, Classes of Echinoderms. This phylum is divided into five extant classes: Asteroidea (sea stars), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars), Crinoidea (sea lilies or feather stars), and Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) (see the figure below). The most well-known echinoderms are members of class Asteroidea, or sea stars. , The word echinoderm means spiny skin. These are marine organisms with five-fold radial symmetry, commonly called starfish (Class Asteroidea), sand dollars and sea urchins (Class Echinoidea), sea cucumbers (Class Holothuroidea), and sea lilies (Class Crinoidea). They are coelomate. Just under the skin, they have an endoskeleton that is …, The subclass Camerata (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) is a major group of Paleozoic crinoids that represents an early divergence in the evolutionary history and morphologic diversification of class Crinoidea, yet phylogenetic relationships among early camerates remain unresolved. This study conducted a series of quantitative phylogenetic …, Crinoidea (crinoids; subphylum Crinozoa; phylum Echinodermata) The most primitive living class of echinoderms, whose members are either stalked (sea lilies) or unstalked (feather stars). The body is contained within a cup-like calyx, composed of regularly arranged plates, consisting of a lower dorsal cup which is covered by a dome (the tegmen ).